Tuesday 12 July 2011

Our Web Partners

Our Web Partners
http://www.leh-ladakh-tour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Leh Ladakh tour packages , Leh Ladakh tourist information, Leh Ladakh travel information, Leh Ladakh hill station tourist spot, Leh Ladakh Himalayan Attractions, Leh Ladakh Buddhist tour packages, Leh Ladakh tour packages, Leh Ladakh wildlife tour packages, Leh Ladakh travel destinations information etc.

http://www.goldentriangle-tour.co.in

A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Golden Triangle tour packages , Golden Triangle tourist information, Golden Triangle travel information, Golden Triangle tourist spot, Golden Triangle with Varanasi Attractions, Golden Triangle with Taj Mahal tour, Golden Triangle tour packages, Golden Triangle with Wildlife tour packages, Golden Triangle travel destinations information etc.

http://www.goldentriangle-tour.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Golden Triangle tour packages , Golden Triangle tourist information, Golden Triangle travel information, Golden Triangle tourist spot, Golden Triangle with Varanasi Attractions, Golden Triangle with Taj Mahal tour, Golden Triangle tour packages, Golden Triangle with Wildlife tour packages, Golden Triangle travel destinations information etc.

http://www.wildlifetour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Wildlife tour packages , Wildlife tourist information, Wildlife travel information, India Wildlife Resorts, Wildlife Safari tour packages, Wildlife National parks tour packages, Wildlife in jim Corbett, Wildlife with Taj Mahal tour, Wildlife tour packages with Golden Triangle, Wildlife travel destinations information etc.

http://www.wildlife-india.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Wildlife tour packages , Wildlife tourist information, Wildlife travel information, India Wildlife Resorts, Wildlife Safari tour packages, Wildlife National parks tour packages, Wildlife with Varanasi Attractions, Wildlife with Taj Mahal tour, Wildlife tour packages with Golden Triangle, Wildlife travel destinations information etc.

http://www.rajasthan-holidays.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Rajasthan tour packages , Rajasthan tourist information, Rajasthan travel information, Rajasthan camel safari tour packages, Rajasthan Tourist attraction, Rajasthan Tourist spot, Rajasthan with wildlife tour, Rajasthan tour packages with Golden Triangle, Rajasthan travel destinations information etc.

http://www.tajmahal-tour.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Taj Mahal tour packages , Taj Mahal tourist information, Taj Mahal travel information, Taj Mahal Tourist attraction, Taj Mahal Tourist spot, Taj Mahal with wildlife tour, Taj Mahal tour packages with Golden Triangle, Taj Mahal travel destinations information etc.

http://www.tajmahal-tour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Taj Mahal tour packages , Taj Mahal tourist information, Taj Mahal travel information, Taj Mahal tourist spot, Taj Mahal tourist Attractions, Taj Mahal with wildlife tour packages, Taj Mahal tour packages with Golden Triangle Tour, Taj Mahal travel destinations information etc.

http://www.adventure-tour-package-india.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Adventure tour packages , Adventure tour package in leh ladakh, Himalayan Adventure tour package, Adventure tour package India, Trekking tour, Water Rafting tour packages, Jungle Safari Adventure tour packages, Adventure travel destinations information etc.

http://www.travelsgod.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Travel Packages, Travel information, Travel Destination, Travel Tour Packages, Travel Packages of India, Wildlife Tourist Attractions, Indian Beaches Tourist Attraction, Indian Festivals, Travel Destinations Information etc.

http://www.toursgod.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Tour Packages, Tour Information, Travel Tours Destination, Travel Tour Packages, Indian Tour Packages, Wildlife Tourist Attractions, Indian Beaches Tourist Spot, Indian Festivals, Travel Destinations Information etc.

http://www.hillstationtour.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Hill Station Tour Packages, Hill Station Tourist Spot, North India Hill Station, South India Hill Station, Leh Ladakh Hill Station Tour Packages, Himalayan Hill Station Tour Packages, Himachal Pradesh Tour Packages, Manali Hill Station tour Packages, Uttarakhand Tour Packages, India Hills, Hill Station Destinations Information etc.
http://www.goatourstravel.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Goa Tours Travel Packages, Goa Travel Package, Goa Beaches, Goa Resorts, Goa Honeymoon Tour Packages, Goa Tourist Attractions, Goa Tourist Spot, Goa Festivals, Goa Carnivals, Goa Hotels, Goa Destinations Information etc.

http://www.incredibleindiatourtravel.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Incredible India Tour Travel Packages, Incredible India Tourist Spot, Incredible India Tourist Attractions, Incredible India Wildlife Tour, Incredible India Rajasthan tour, Incredible India Leh ladakh Tour, Incredible India Honeymoon Tour, Incredible India Tour Packages, Incredible India travel Packages, Incredible India Tourist Information etc.

http://www.indian-beaches.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing India Beaches Tour Packages, Beaches Tour Information Guide, Goa Beaches tour package, Kerala Beaches tour package, Karnataka Beaches tour package, Andaman Beaches tour package, Gujarat Beaches tour package, Beach Resorts package, Beach Hotels package, Honeymoon Beaches Tour Package, Beaches Tourist Spot.

http://www.honeymoontourpackage.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Honeymoon Tour Packages, Honeymoon in Goa, Honeymoon in Hill Station, Honeymoon in Kerala, Honeymoon in Shimla, Honeymoon in Manali, Honeymoon in Nainital, Honeymoon in Himachal, Honeymoon in Leh Ladakh, Honeymoon in Kashmir, Honeymoon in Mussoorie, Honeymoon in Darjeeling, Honeymoon in Sikkim, Honeymoon in Patnitop, Honeymoon in Khandala, Honeymoon in Lonavala, Honeymoon in Karnataka, Honeymoon in Almora, Honeymoon in Ranikhet, Honeymoon in Dharamshala, Honeymoon in Kullu, Honeymoon in Nepal, Honeymoon in Kathmandu, Honeymoon in Shri Lanka, Honeymoon in Maldeev, Honeymoon in Daman Diu, Honeymoon in Mount Abu, Honeymoon in Newzeeland, Honeymoon in Europe, Honeymoon in USA, Honeymoon in Singapure, Honeymoon in Maleshiya

http://www.indianhotelsresortsbooking.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing India Hotels Resorts Booking, Hotels Booking, Resorts Booking, Luxury Hotels Booking, Standard Hotels Booking, Budget Hotels Booking, Five Star Hotels Booking, Beach Hotels Booking, Beach Resorts Booking.

http://www.indiabeachestour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing India Beaches Tour Packages, Beaches Tour Information Guide, Goa Beaches, Kerala Beaches, Karnataka Beaches, Andaman Beaches, Gujarat Beaches, Beaches Resorts, Beaches Hotels, Beach Honeymoon Tour Package, Beaches Tourist Spot.

http://profiles.google.com/rs007rs007
A Web Hub for Tour Travel destination Information like hill station, honeymoon destinations, wildlife tour packages, tour & travel packages

http://www.indiajourneyguide.com

A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing India Journey Guide tour packages , India tourist information, India travel information, hill station tourist spot, Himalayan Attractions, Buddhist tour packages, Rajasthan journey guide, Leh Ladakh hill station journey guide, South India journey guide, North India journey guide, Incredible India journey guide, India Tour travel journey guide information etc.

http://www.northindiajourney.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing North India Journey tour packages , North India tourist information, North India travel information, North India hill station journey, Himalayan Journey, North India Honeymoon tour packages, Himachal Tour Package, Leh Ladakh Tour Package, Shimla Tour Package, Kashmir Tour Packages, Uttaranchal Tour Package, Manali Honeymoon Tour Package, Almora hill station tour package, North India journey guide, Incredible India hill station tour package, North India journey information etc.

http://www.southindiajourney.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing South India Journey tour packages , South India tourist information, South India travel information, South India Beaches tour package, South India Journey, South India Honeymoon tour packages, Kerala Beaches Tour Package, South India hill station Tour Package, Kerala Backwater Tour Package, Kerala Honeymoon tour packages, South India journey information etc.

http://www.tourstravel-india.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing India Tours Travel packages ,India tourist information, India travel information, India Beaches tour package, India Journey, India Honeymoon tour packages, India hill station Tour Package, South India Tour Package, North India Honeymoon tour packages, Goa Beach tour Packages, Kerala tour package, Rajasthan tour package, India Heritage tour package, Leh Ladakh tour package, India tour travel information etc.

http://www.royalindiatour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Royal India tour packages, Royal India tourist information, Royal India travel information, India Luxury tour package, Royal India Journey, India Luxury Honeymoon tour packages, Royal India hill station Tour Package, South India Luxury Tour Package, North India Luxury Honeymoon tour packages, Goa Luxury Beach tour Packages, Kerala Luxury tour package, Royal Rajasthan tour package, Royal India Heritage tour package, Royal India Ladakh tour package, Luxury Rail tour package, Royal India travel information etc.

http://www.holiday-vacation-package.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Holiday Vacation packages, Holiday Vacation tourist information, Holiday Vacation travel information, Holiday Vacation tour package, Honeymoon Holidays tour packages, Hill station Holidays Vacation tour package, South India Holidays Vacation tour package, North India Honeymoon Vacation tour packages, Goa Holidays Vacation tour Packages, Kerala Holidays tour package, Rajasthan Vacation tour package, Rajasthan Heritage Holidays tour package, Ladakh Holidays tour package, Holiday Vacation travel information etc.

http://www.awisinfotech.com
A professional web design company provides affordable & best website designing, website development, custom web design, creative web design & applications
The Expert and top web design company India specialized in creating a SEO friendly Website Design, Ecommerce Website Design, Web Development, Logo Design, and Web 2.0 Design & Social Networking Website Development
Awisinfotech.com is a full service website promotion and marketing firm. Our innovative and proven search engine optimization techniques have ranked hundreds of web pages in top positions. Whether it's website promotion, development, design or consulting, we can help get you the results you expect.

http://www.websitedesigningpromotion.co.in
Website Designing Promotion is an innovative web design & website development company in India providing professional website designing, internet marketing, e-commerce & business IT solutions.

http://www.websitedesigningpromotion.in
A professional web design company provides affordable & best website designing, website development, custom web design, creative web design & applications
The Expert and top web design company India specialized in creating a SEO friendly Website Design, E commerce Website Design, Web Development, Logo Design, and Web 2.0 Design & Social Networking Website Development

http://www.exporterstrade.com
Exporters Trade is a Best B2B Portal in India with Suppliers Directory India,Largest B2B Marketplace,Manufacturers Directory in India, Business Directory India, B2B Birectory in India,Indian Manufacturers Exporters Suppliers,Indian Service Provider Buyers Sellers,business to business trade leads & services
Exporters Trade - B2b portal, B2B Marketplace. Top b2b portal of Indian Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters. Best B2B Trade Directory for selling and buying leads of Made in India products

http://www.exportersindia.net
B2B marketplace. India's largest online B2B marketplace, Import export marketplace - Offers great values to manufacturers, suppliers and exporters.

http://www.dir.exportersindia.net
dir.exportersindia.net is a leading online B2B marketplace that assists manufacturers, suppliers & exporters to trade with each other at a common, reliable & transparent platform. Largest free online B2B business directory & yellow page with listing of 700,000 Indian & International companies. Find here quality products, trade leads, manufacturers, suppliers, exporters & international buyers.

http://www.exporterpages.com
Exporterpages.com is a leading online B2B marketplace that assists manufacturers, suppliers & exporters to trade with each other at a common, reliable & transparent platform. Largest free online B2B business directory & yellow page with listing of 500,000 Indian & International companies. Find here quality products, trade leads, manufacturers, suppliers, exporters & international buyers.

http://sites.google.com/site/honeymoontourinindia/ :- Honeymoon Tour Packages, Honeymoon in goa, shimla, manali, sikkim, kerala etc..

http://sites.google.com/site/newbornbabyname/ :- Baby Names, Girl Baby Names, Boy Baby Names

http://sites.google.com/site/tipsforpregnantwoman/ :- Tip for pregnant woman for care....

http://sites.google.com/site/yahoodomainsyahoowebhosting/ :- Yahoo Domains, Yahoo Domains Booking, Yahoo Web Hosting, Yahoo Domain Portal For Yahoo Domain Booking....

http://sites.google.com/site/lokpalbillagainstcorruption/ :- Lokpal Bill Against Corruption....

http://www.licindia-lifeinsurance.co.in : A Website on investment saving for future ploicies of Lic India

Saturday 18 June 2011

Tour & Travel websites on Indian Tourism

http://www.leh-ladakh-tour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Leh Ladakh tour packages , Leh Ladakh tourist information, Leh Ladakh travel information, Leh Ladakh hill station tourist spot, Leh Ladakh Himalayan Attractions, Leh Ladakh Buddhist tour packages, Leh Ladakh tour packages, Leh Ladakh wildlife tour packages, Leh Ladakh travel destinations information etc.

http://www.goldentriangle-tour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Golden Triangle tour packages , Golden Triangle tourist information, Golden Triangle travel information, Golden Triangle tourist spot, Golden Triangle with Varanasi Attractions, Golden Triangle with Taj Mahal tour, Golden Triangle tour packages, Golden Triangle with Wildlife tour packages, Golden Triangle travel destinations information etc.

http://www.goldentriangle-tour.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Golden Triangle tour packages , Golden Triangle tourist information, Golden Triangle travel information, Golden Triangle tourist spot, Golden Triangle with Varanasi Attractions, Golden Triangle with Taj Mahal tour, Golden Triangle tour packages, Golden Triangle with Wildlife tour packages, Golden Triangle travel destinations information etc.

http://www.wildlifetour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Wildlife tour packages , Wildlife tourist information, Wildlife travel information, India Wildlife Resorts, Wildlife Safari tour packages, Wildlife National parks tour packages, Wildlife in jim Corbett, Wildlife with Taj Mahal tour, Wildlife tour packages with Golden Triangle, Wildlife travel destinations information etc.

http://www.wildlife-india.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Wildlife tour packages , Wildlife tourist information, Wildlife travel information, India Wildlife Resorts, Wildlife Safari tour packages, Wildlife National parks tour packages, Wildlife with Varanasi Attractions, Wildlife with Taj Mahal tour, Wildlife tour packages with Golden Triangle, Wildlife travel destinations information etc.

http://www.rajasthan-holidays.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Rajasthan tour packages , Rajasthan tourist information, Rajasthan travel information, Rajasthan camel safari tour packages, Rajasthan Tourist attraction, Rajasthan Tourist spot, Rajasthan with wildlife tour, Rajasthan tour packages with Golden Triangle, Rajasthan travel destinations information etc.

http://www.tajmahal-tour.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Taj Mahal tour packages , Taj Mahal tourist information, Taj Mahal travel information, Taj Mahal Tourist attraction, Taj Mahal Tourist spot, Taj Mahal with wildlife tour, Taj Mahal tour packages with Golden Triangle, Taj Mahal travel destinations information etc.

http://www.tajmahal-tour.co.in
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Taj Mahal tour packages , Taj Mahal tourist information, Taj Mahal travel information, Taj Mahal tourist spot, Taj Mahal tourist Attractions, Taj Mahal with wildlife tour packages, Taj Mahal tour packages with Golden Triangle Tour, Taj Mahal travel destinations information etc.

http://www.adventure-tour-package-india.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Adventure tour packages , Adventure tour package in leh ladakh, Himalayan Adventure tour package, Adventure tour package India, Trekking tour, Water Rafting tour packages, Jungle Safari Adventure tour packages, Adventure travel destinations information etc.

http://www.travelsgod.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Travel Packages, Travel information, Travel Destination, Travel Tour Packages, Travel Packages of India, Wildlife Tourist Attractions, Indian Beaches Tourist Attraction, Indian Festivals, Travel Destinations Information etc.

http://www.toursgod.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Tour Packages, Tour Information, Travel Tours Destination, Travel Tour Packages, Indian Tour Packages, Wildlife Tourist Attractions, Indian Beaches Tourist Spot, Indian Festivals, Travel Destinations Information etc.

http://www.hillstationtour.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Hill Station Tour Packages, Hill Station Tourist Spot, North India Hill Station, South India Hill Station, Leh Ladakh Hill Station Tour Packages, Himalayan Hill Station Tour Packages, Himachal Pradesh Tour Packages, Manali Hill Station tour Packages, Uttarakhand Tour Packages, India Hills, Hill Station Destinations Information etc.
http://www.goatourstravel.com
A Tour & Travel online information guide & travel package operator providing Goa Tours Travel Packages, Goa Travel Package, Goa Beaches, Goa Resorts, Goa Honeymoon Tour Packages, Goa Tourist Attractions, Goa Tourist Spot, Goa Festivals, Goa Carnivals, Goa Hotels, Goa Destinations Information etc.

http://profiles.google.com/rs007rs007
A Web Hub for Tour Travel destination Information like hill station, honeymoon destinations, wildlife tour packages, tour & travel packages

http://www.exportersindia.net
B2B marketplace. India's largest online B2B marketplace, Import export marketplace - Offers great values to manufacturers, suppliers and exporters.

Tuesday 10 May 2011

Telecommunication In Modern Day World

Telecommunication In Modern Day World

Telecommunication is the transmission of messages, over significant distances, for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, or sent by loud whistles, for example. In the modern age of electricity and electronics, telecommunications now also includes the use of electrical devices such as telegraphs, telephones, and teletypes, the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the Internet.
The first breakthrough into modern electrical telecommunications came with the push to fully develop the telegraph starting in the 1830s. The use of these electrical means of communications exploded into use on all of the continents of the world during the 19th century, and these also connected the continents via cables on the floors of the ocean. The use of the first three popular systems of electrical telecommunications, the telegraph, telephone and teletype, all required the use of conducting metal wires.
A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the first decade of the 20th century, with Guglielmo Marconi winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his pioneering developments in wireless radio communications. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstoneand Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Nikola Tesla, Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television).
Telecommunications play an important role in the world economy and the worldwide telecommunication industry's revenue was estimated to be $3.85 trillion in 2008.[1] The service revenue of the global telecommunications industry was estimated to be $1.7 trillion in 2008, and is expected to touch $2.7 trillion by 2013

History

Early telecommunications

During the Middle Ages, chains of beacons were commonly used on hilltops as a means of relaying a signal. Beacon chains suffered the drawback that they could only pass a single bit of information, so the meaning of the message such as "the enemy has been sighted" had to be agreed upon in advance. One notable instance of their use was during the Spanish Armada, when a beacon chain relayed a signal from Plymouth to London that signaled the arrival of the Spanish warships.
In 1792, Claude Chappe, a French engineer, built the first fixed visual telegraphy system (orsemaphore line) between Lille and Paris. However semaphore systems suffered from the need for skilled operators and the expensive towers at intervals of ten to thirty kilometers (six to twentymiles). As a result of competition from the electrical telegraph, the last commercial semaphore line was abandoned in 1880

The telegraph and the telephone

The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed by Sir Charles Wheatstone and SirWilliam Fothergill Cooke, and its use began on April 9, 1839. Both Wheatstone and Cooke viewed their device as "an improvement to the [already-existing, so-called] electromagnetic telegraph" not as a new device

The businessman Samuel F.B. Morse and the physicist Joseph Henry of the United States developed their own, simpler version of the electrical telegraph, independently. Morse successfully demonstrated this system on September 2, 1837. Morse's most important technical contribution to this telegraph was the rather simple and highly efficient Morse Code, which was an important advance over complicated Wheatstone's telegraph system. The communications efficiency of the Morse Code anticipated that of the Huffman code in digital communications by over 100 years, but Morse had developed his code purely empirically, unlike Huffman, who gave a detailed theoretical explanation of how his method worked.
The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic electrical communication for the first time. An earlier transatlantic cable had operated for a few months in 1859, and among other things, it carried messages of greeting back and forth between President James Buchanan of the United States and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
However, that transatlantic cable failed soon, and the project to lay a replacement line was delayed for five years by the American Civil War. Also, these transatlantic cables would have been completely incapable of carrying telephone calls even had the telephone already been invented. The first transatlantic telephone cable (which incorporated hundreds of electronic amplifiers) was not operational until 1956.
The conventional telephone now in use worldwide was first patented by Alexander Graham Bell in March 1876. That first patent by Bell was the master patent of the telephone, from which all other patents for electric telephone devices and features flowed. Credit for the invention of the electric telephone has been frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time-to-time. As with other greatinventions such as radio, television, the light bulb, and the digital computer, there were several inventors who did pioneering experimental work on voice transmission over a wire, and then they improved on each other's ideas. However, the key innovators were Alexander Graham Bell and Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who created the first telephone company, the Bell Telephone Company of the United States, which later evolved into American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T). The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven, Connecticut, and London, England

Radio and television
In 1832, James Lindsay gave a classroom demonstration of wireless telegraphy via conductive water to his students. By 1854, he was able to demonstrate a transmission across the Firth of Tay from Dundee, Scotland, to Woodhaven, a distance of about two miles (3 km), again using water as the transmission medium. In December 1901, Guglielmo Marconi established wireless communication between St. John's, Newfoundland and Poldhu, Cornwall (England), earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1909, one which he shared with Karl Braun. However small-scale radio communication had already been demonstrated in 1893 by Nikola Tesla in a presentation before the National Electric Light Association.
On March 25, 1925, John Logie Baird of England was able to demonstrate the transmission of moving pictures at the Selfridge's department store in London, England. Baird's system relied upon the fast-rotating Nipkow disk, and thus it became known as the mechanical television. It formed the basis of experimental broadcasts done by the British Broadcasting Corporation beginning September 30, 1929. However, for most of the 20th century, television systems were designed around the cathode ray tube, invented by Karl Braun. The first version of such anelectronic television to show promise was produced by Philo Farnsworth of the United States, and it was demonstrated to his family in Idahoon September 7, 1927

Computer networks and the Internet On 11 September 1940, George Stibitz was able to transmit problems using teletype to his Complex Number Calculator in New York and receive the computed results back at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. This configuration of a centralized computer or mainframe computer with remote "dumb terminals" remained popular throughout the 1950s and into the 60's. However, it was not until the 1960s that researchers started to investigate packet switching — a technology that allows chunks of data to be sent between different computers without first passing through a centralized mainframe. A four-node network emerged on December 5, 1969. This network soon became the arpanet, which by 1981 would consist of 213 nodes.

Arpanet's development centered around the Request for Comment process and on 7 April 1969, RFC 1 was published. This process is important because arpanet would eventually merge with other networks to form the Internet, and many of the communication protocols that the Internet relies upon today were specified through the Request for Comment process. In September 1981, RFC 791 introduced theInternet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and RFC 793 introduced the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) — thus creating the TCP/IP protocol that much of the Internet relies upon today.

However, not all important developments were made through the Request for Comment process. Two popular link protocols for local area networks (LANs) also appeared in the 1970s. A patent for the token ring protocol was filed by Olof Soderblom on October 29, 1974, and a paper on the Ethernet protocol was published by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs in the July 1976 issue of Communications of the ACM. The Ethernet protocol had been inspired by the ALOHAnet protocol which had been developed by electrical engineeringresearchers at the University of Hawaii

Society and telecommunication

Telecommunication has a significant social, cultural. and economic impact on modern society. In 2008, estimates placed the telecommunication industry's revenue at $3.85 trillion (USD) or just under 3.0 percent of the gross world product (official exchange rate). The following sections discuss the impact of telecommunication on society

Economic impact

Microeconomics

On the microeconomic scale, companies have used telecommunications to help build global business empires. This is self-evident in the case of online retailer Amazon.com but, according to academic Edward Lenert, even the conventional retailer Wal-Mart has benefited from better telecommunication infrastructure compared to its competitors. In cities throughout the world, home owners use their telephones to organize many home services ranging from pizza deliveries to electricians. Even relatively-poor communities have been noted to use telecommunication to their advantage. In Bangladesh's Narshingdi district, isolated villagers use cellular phones to speak directly to wholesalers and arrange a better price for their goods. In Côte d'Ivoire, coffee growers share mobile phones to follow hourly variations in coffee prices and sell at the best price

Macroeconomics

On the macroeconomic scale, Lars-Hendrik Röller and Leonard Waverman suggested a causal link between good telecommunication infrastructure and economic growth. Few dispute the existence of a correlation although some argue it is wrong to view the relationship as causal.

Because of the economic benefits of good telecommunication infrastructure, there is increasing worry about the inequitable access to telecommunication services amongst various countries of the world—this is known as the digital divide. A 2003 survey by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) revealed that roughly one-third of countries have fewer than one mobile subscription for every 20 people and one-third of countries have fewer than one land-line telephone subscription for every 20 people. In terms of Internet access, roughly half of all countries have fewer than one out of 20 people with Internet access. From this information, as well as educational data, the ITU was able to compile an index that measures the overall ability of citizens to access and use information and communication technologies. Using this measure, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland received the highest ranking while the African countries Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Mali received the lowest

Social impact

Telecommunication has played a significant role in social relationships. Nevertheless' devices like the telephone system were originally advertised with an emphasis on the practical dimensions of the device (such as the ability to conduct business or order home services) as opposed to the social dimensions. It was not until the late 1920s and 1930s that the social dimensions of the device became a prominent theme in telephone advertisements. New promotions started appealing to consumers' emotions, stressing the importance of social conversations and staying connected to family and friends.

Since then the role that telecommunications has played in social relations has become increasingly important. In recent years, the popularity of social networking sites has increased dramatically. These sites allow users to communicate with each other as well as post photographs, events and profiles for others to see. The profiles can list a person's age, interests, sexuality and relationship status. In this way, these sites can play important role in everything from organising social engagements to courtship

Prior to social networking sites, technologies like SMS and the telephone also had a significant impact on social interactions. In 2000, market research group Ipsos MORI reported that 81% of 15 to 24 year-old SMS users in the United Kingdom had used the service to coordinate social arrangements and 42% to flirt.

Other impacts

In cultural terms, telecommunication has increased the public's ability to access to music and film. With television, people can watch films they have not seen before in their own home without having to travel to the video store or cinema. With radio and the Internet, people can listen to music they have not heard before without having to travel to the music store. Telecommunication has also transformed the way people receive their news. A survey by the non-profit Pew Internet and American Life Project found that when just over 3,000 people living in the United States were asked where they got their news "yesterday", more people said television or radio than newspapers. The results are summarised in the following table (the percentages add up to more than 100% because people were able to specify more than one source)

Telecommunications is a general term for a vast array of technologies that send information over distances. Mobile phones, land lines, satellite phones and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP)are all telephony technologies just one field of telecommunications. Radio, television and networks are a few more examples of telecommunication.

While most people associate telecommunications with modern technologies, the strict definition of the term encompasses primitive and even ancient forms of telecommunication. Among these is the use of smoke signals as a kind of visual telegraph. Puffs of smoke were time-released by smothering a fire with a blanket, then quickly removing and replacing the blanket. Widely used by the American Indians, smoke signals could communicate short messages over long distances, assuming a clear line of sight

Other forms of early telecommunications include relay fires orbeacons. Used foremostly in warfare, relay fires required a handful of men posted along a range of hilltops, with the last man closest to the area where troop movement was expected. When armies were spotted in the distance, he would light a bonfire. The fire could be seen from a good distance away by the next man in the relay, who would in turn light his own bonfire, and so the fires were lit in succession along the range, creating an effective telecommunications signal that traveled back over several miles in a relatively short period of time. Finally, the last man in the relay would light a beacon to signal his army below that the opponent was en-route.

The arrangement of a ship's flags and semaphores were other forms of telecommunications. A semaphore was a mechanical device atop a tower with paddle-like blades or flags. The device would be set in a specific position to communicate information.

Throughout the 19th century, telecommunications devices became more sophisticated with the advent of electricity, leading to the telegraph, Morse code, and signal lamps. A signal lamp, the optical version of the telegraph, is a powerful lamp with shutters that block the light in long or short durations to translate to the dots and dashes of Morse code. A heliograph is another optical telegraph -- a mirror used to reflect light to mimic a signal lamp.

In the 20th century, telecommunications reached beyond our planet. In June 1969, the world watched and listened as astronauts walked on the moon. Twenty years later, in August 1989, we would see pictures of Neptune arrive back from the Voyager 2spacecraft, riding radio waves that traveled over roughly three billion miles (4.8 billion km) to reach us in a matter of a few hours

Strides in telecommunications have changed the world immeasurably. While pockets of humankind were once isolated from each other, people now have multiple ways to see and hear what is occurring on the other side of the world in real time. Satellite technology, television, the Internet and telephony keep the globe connected in a humming buzz of interactive voices and pictures. In short, telecommunications has come a long way from smoke signals.

Importance of telecommunication

Communication has been one of the most important aspects of the growth of human society and culture. Without it so many things would not get done, people would be divided, and the world would not be how it is. Telecommunications, the transmission of signals over a distance for a purpose of communication, is also very important.

Telecommunications has a long and creative history behind it. One of the first means of telecommunications, and maybe the first one actually, was the use of smoke signals. In classical and ancient times, this was a very effective means of communication in a smaller, more rural world. Other older methods included the use of sound by such things as drums and horns. Flags, lamps and special towers were uses of optical telecommunication. Later development with a more advanced civilization and an industrious society allowed for the creature of telegraphs, radio, television, and eventually the internet.

Telecommunications provides a lot for the world. The commerce that telecommunications creates is a nice little chunk of the gross world product. It provides business, money and market stability in the world. Not only does it create these things as a product of itself, it benefits and enhances the whole world market by creating a tighter community and allowing for quicker reaction time and exchange of information.

There is also the contribution to science to consider. Development in telecommunication provides helpful research and foundation for other technologies. With the development and enhancements of the radio and understanding how radio waves work, flight has become one of the major benefits of telecommunications. Space and sea travel, exploration, and enhanced vehicles have all come from stronger developments in telecommunications. While telecommunications are not the only factor, the ability to send information back and fourth from one location to another has allowed science to develop in places that can't always be monitored directly or visibly

The world is an ever growing one, and would not be possible without telecommunications. As people moved and countries grew, more and more cities developed across the world. With telecommunications, it made it a lot quicker to relay messages from one place to another. Direct contact of a messenger to the receiver was still used and still is used today in some places and certain locations, but being able to send a message across large areas of land without physically traveling that land allows the message to be received quicker. This has helped tremendously with such things as war, weather problems, geographic problems, illness and health, and trade.

The impact that telecommunications have had on the world is evident. It's one of the leading causes of why the world has grown so big and become so helpful and aware of many issues. Telecommunications promotes a better awareness of society and human life. It helps develop solutions and gather support for causes and problems all over the world, making Earth a little closer and a little safer.

Growing Importance of Telecommunication in modern day

A growing importance of telecommunication was discerned since the last three decades of 20th century for its ever-growing impact on productivity. It's an important economic factor that plays a key role in evaluating the economic growth. It has been identified as the foundation for economic prosperity prerequisite for national development as well as an acute indicator of organizational competitiveness. Not only in economic growth but the telecommunication has greater impact on socio-economic and overall development as well.

Post-modern civilization has a tendency to make a confusion making them equal and furthermore confusing the people that they are alike. But the basic difference between these two terms is that growth is related to increase in quantity what we already have, whereas development means both quantitative and qualitative improvement.

Telecommunication is one of the important means for increasing the economic growth and economic development at length. Telecommunication causes companies to use their input resources as much as possible in an effective way. There has been a sharp controversy on whether or not the investment in IT and telecom provide improvements in productivity and business efficiencies.

Investment on IT and telecom sectors may make poor direct contribution to overall performance of companies until they are combined with complementary investments in business activities, company restructuring, and human capital. As we get various research works from Cobb-Douglas model (was used to examine the impact of Information Technology investment on productivity at Telecommunication Company of Tehran (TCT) and Weighted Least Square (WLS) (was run by SPSS 15 to test hypotheses) - it is explicit that IT investment not only makes the positive contribution to the output of Telecommunication Company but also this contribution is positive after deductions for depreciation and labor expenses.

At the present era there are lots of telecom service providers in the global as well as national market in Australia. They are knowingly or unknowingly all these factors, with a perseverance that telecommunication can accelerate a business as well as a strong brand image have entered into this telecom arena.

Its importance and ever-growing demand was clearly estimated form the fourth edition of the ITU's World Telecommunication Development Report (Malta, March 1998). It showed the growing importance of electronic information for economic, educational and social advancement, highlighting how critical universal access to communications has become. For over 40 million people was waiting for a telephone line worldwide. Where least developed countries have telecommunication penetration levels up to 200 times below that of developed countries

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Growing-Importance-of-Telecommunication&id=5043835

http://www.exportersindia.net

http://www.websitedesigningpromotion.co.in

Opinion - Has The Worlds Cheapest Car Nano Failed To Deliver

An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However, the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks.

There are approximately 600 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car per eleven people). Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 1 billion m³ (260 billion US gallons) of petrol/gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.

The world’s smallest and cheapest four-seater car, the Tata Nano, rolled out by Tata Motors, has failed to deliver with middle-class Indians eager to buy an 'affordable car', following safety problems.Sales dipped by an alarming 85 per cent, to 509 units Nanos last month, compared same month of November in 2009 after at least six of them caught fire, the last one in New Delhi in August. This was the fourth straight month of falling sales from the high of 9,000 cars in July.

Dramatic footage of fires on TV news channels had a negative impact on the sale of the two-cylinder, 600cc Nano.'Though I received total compensation for the [burnt] car I lost faith in the product', said Ahmedabad-based businessman Ravindra Bhagat, one of Nano's first customers after its commercial launch, 17 months ago

Market analysts said another reason for poor sales was Tata's offer of free retrofits to more than 71,300 Nano owners to safeguard their cars against fire. It compromised its stand by installing additional safety features to the cars' exhausts and electrical systems, further triggering uncertainty among potential customers.

Market analysts said another reason for poor sales was Tata's offer of free retrofits to more than 71,300 Nano owners to safeguard their cars against fire.And though Tata called it an 'upgrade' and not a 'recall', it compromised its stand by installing additional safety features to the cars' exhausts and electrical systems, further triggering uncertainty among potential customers.

Company officials said they were trying to improve 'interaction' between the customer and the financier and had even launched an exchange scheme under which the owner of a two-wheeler could trade his vehicle for a Nano, its value adjusted against the car price, and this way, its financing would be made easier.

Tata Motors is leaving no stone unturned in the Indian market to boost its sales, after its dismaying performance of 509 units in November 2010. Tata Motors has not only met the vendors and dealers to motivate them and take them into confidence, but the company is also now planning to introduce an upgraded variant of the car as well

The upgraded Tata Nano, the world’s cheapest car, will come with power steering, which makes driving easier, and a five-speed gear box. The new variant, which will be launched in the first quarter of 2011, will also have more frills such as adjustable seats, said two industry executives close to the company. The five speed gear box or transmission is intended to improve fuel efficiency and make it easier to drive the car at higher speeds

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Nano
http://toostep.com/idea/why-tata-nano-is-almost-dead-already
http://www.exporterpages.com

Tariff War - Telecom Space In India

Tariff War - Telecom Space In India

Telecommunication is the transmission of messages, over significant distances, for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such asbeacons, smoke, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, or sent by loud whistles, for example. In the modern age of electricity and electronics, telecommunications now also includes the use of electrical devices such as telegraphs, telephones, and teletypes, the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the Internet

Telecom Tariff War In India
The Indian telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India next only to IT. There are around 15 operators competing in the market for the telecom space in India. The Indian telecom sector is one of the most competitive markets in the world with a subscriber base of 670 million and growing at the rate of 15 – 20 million every month. Tariff rates in India are the lowest in the world which may be very good for the customers but the telecom companies are facing severe financial crisis due to declining revenue trend and profit margin. This has adversely affected the market capitalisation of all telecom companies and the share prices have taken a dip during the recent period

Telecom rates over the yearsDuring 1995 when the mobile companies were first launched the rate per minute was Rs 16.80 and the incoming calls were also charged at the same rate. Apart from these rates which are called airtime, the customers were also charged the actual landline charges called PSTN which is payable to the government operators like BSNL and MTNL. As compared to that, the average call charge today has come down to less than 40 ps. The telecom operators are offering a large quantum of free minutes and the rates are now charged per second as compared to per minute earlier

Strategy followed by the operators

Why did the telecom operators reduce their rates over the last 15 years? While one major reason is the regulatory and policy changes brought in by the Government of India which was passed on to the customers by the operators and second major reason is the cut throat competition faced by the industry. When the mobile phones were launched in the country the Government allowed two operators in each circle and during 2000 the government allowed BSNL / MTNL to launch mobile services in all circles. In 2001 the Government allowed the fourth operator to launch services. In 2003 RCom entered the telecom market as the fixed services operator which was later on converted to Unified Access Licence. The abolition of incoming call charges in 2003 and withdrawal of ADC further reduced the tariff. Finally issue of additional licences in 2008 created an unprecedented tariff war and brought the rates to a level which is uneconomical and unviable. In a tariff war, companies try to acquire larger share of customers by offering special promotions or rates like per second billing and free minutes. The incumbent operators have responded to the competition as they did not have a choice. While most of the existing operators never wanted to lead the price war, they subsequently responded to the needs of the market for survival. An argument in support of tariff reduction is that the telecom companies no longer making profit from local or national calls but they will get substantial revenue from value added services like caller tunes, data services etc. There are around 100 different value added services offered by telecom companies

Innovative methods introduced by the telecom operators

Some of the innovative plans introduced by the telecom operators are life time validity, per second billing and inexpensive recharge and free on net calls.The pay per second was introduced by some telecom operators during late 90s but later on withdrawn to increase the realization per minute. However when Tata Docomo launched pay per second in 2009, it created a major impact and forced all operators to follow suit. But this has affected the long term financial viability of the telecom operators and led to crash of telecom share prices in the market. Similarly the chotta recharge was introduced by Vodafone with a recharge voucher of Rs 10 when the lowest denomination available in the market was Rs 50. It became very popular and brought large number of prepaid subscribers by way of new additions. Virgin Mobile, MVNO operator has gone one step ahead and announced 10 paise free for every incoming calls in their network. Life time validity was another innovation in which the telecom operators removed the requirement of minimum monthly commitment to enlarge the market and reach. When the voice call tariff rates were plummeting, the SMS rates were almost steady and remained untouched. However when 'The Times of India' published a story on the cost and the call charged by operators for SMS, another round of tariff reduction was announced. Tata Docomo took the lead and announced SMS rate at pay per character

Frames
Frames are generally made of plastic, nylon, a metal or a metal alloy. Nylon frames are usually used in sports because they are lightweight and flexible. They are able to bend slightly and return to their original shape instead of breaking when pressure is applied to them. This flex can also help the glasses grip better on the wearer's face. Metal frames are usually more rigid than nylon frames, thus they can be more easily damaged when the wearer participates in sport activities, but this is not to say that they cannot be used for such activities. Because metal frames are more rigid, some models have spring loaded hinges to help them grip the wearer's face better. The end of the resting hook and the bridge over the nose can be textured or have rubber or plastic material to improve hold. The ends of the resting hook are usually curved so that they wrap around the ear; however, some models have straight resting hooks. Oakley, for example, has straight resting hooks on all their glasses, preferring to call them "earstems". Frames can be made to hold the lenses in several different ways. There are three common styles: full frame, half frame, and frameless. Full frame glasses have the frame go all around the lenses. Half frames go around only half the lens; typically the frames attach to the top of the lenses and on the side near the top. Frameless glasses have no frame around the lenses and the ear stems are attached directly to the lenses. There are two styles of frameless glasses: those that have a piece of frame material connecting the two lenses, and those that are a single lens with ear stems on each side. Some sports-optimized sunglasses have interchangeable lens options. Lenses can be easily removed and swapped for a different lens, usually of a different colour. The purpose is to allow the wearer to easily change lenses when light conditions or activities change. The reasons are that the cost of a set of lenses is less than the cost of a separate pair of glasses, and carrying extra lenses is less bulky than carrying multiple pairs of glasses. It also allows easy replacement of a set of lenses if they are damaged. The most common type of sunglasses with interchangeable lenses has a single lens or shield that covers both eyes. Styles that use two lenses also exist, but are less common

Impact on industry Revenue and Profit
All these tariff wars resulted in huge drop in the revenues of telecom operators in 2009-10 and the industry reported a modest 2.5 percent growth as compared to 20% in the previous year. The price war has affected all telecom companies and the impact varied depending on the various stages of their evolution. While the impact is minimum ot temporary for the companies with huge free cash flow, it is disastrous for the new entrants and the companies which are in the process of network expansion. The telecom services industry reported a revenue of Rs.159,510 crore against the previous year's revenue of Rs.155,683 crore. This revenue includes revenue from fixed, mobile NLD and ILD businesses. The industry has now come to a stage where it cannot afford any further tariff reduction. The worst affected are the new operators who started this war and many of them are looking for consolidation and some even proposed to surrender their licences to the Government. Fitch expects the recent tariff war by new telecom entrants in India and the likely retaliation by incumbent operators, will have a significant impact on industry revenues and profitability. The reduced tariffs will lower the average revenue per user (ARPUs) and operating margins for all industry players. In a report entitled "Indian Telecom Industry - Stable Outlook with declining margins" dated 17th August 2009, Fitch stated that EBITDA margins of existing operators will fall on lower ARPUs in the near term. The exaggerated tariff reduction and competitive intensity will likely reduce ARPUs by 10%-15%, which is lower than expected. The Indian telecom industry is witnessing price wars with the entry of the new telecom operators, which were allotted universal access service licenses (UASLs) in February 2008 by the Department of Telecommunication (DOT). The new entrants (Aircel, Sistema Shyam Teleservices Ltd (SSTL) and Tata Docomo (GSM)) have launched aggressive tariff plans in an effort to garner subscriber market share. These new entrants have launched per second billing, either selectively or throughout their networks, while Tata CDMA has launched tariffs on a per call basis, irrespective of duration (Re 1 and Re 3 per call on local and STD, respectively). Following this trend, Reliance communication (RLCM.BO) (Rcom) has reduced the tariff to 50 paise per minute for local, STD, roaming and SMS, for both off-net and on-net calls. BSNL has also launched per second billing plan in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Fitch expects other incumbent operators to eventually match the reduced tariff plans, considering the adoption of mobile number portability in the near future. Nevertheless, Fitch expects the Stable Outlook of the sector to continue, given the net monthly subscriber additions. However, the impending 3G and BWA auctions remain an event risk. Fitch expects subscriber growth to be at a CAGR of 25%-30% over the next three years up to FY12, as compared to a CAGR of 44% in the last three years (FY07- FY09). The incumbent operators with strong balance sheets and strong portfolio of high-end customers in metro areas are expected to maintain their credit profile. However, Fitch expects new entrants to face increasing difficulties in garnering any meaningful market share, with already low tariffs leading to lower ARPUs, a lack of adequate spectrum quality and restrictions on spectrum sharing. The telecom industry has yet to see service launch of other UASL holders like Etisalat DB Telecom India, Datacom, Telenor - Unitech wireless, Loop Telecom and S-tel. Fitch believes that the reduced industry profitability will likely expedite industry consolidation in the medium to long term. The brutal price war rocking India for the past few months may certainly be lucrative for customers but it has raised the concern of the analysts, who could not see any end for this bloodbath. The latest offer by Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited of as little as half a paisa (100 paisa are in a rupee) a second for a call, India's telecoms market, already the cheapest in the world, just got cheaper. The rapidly growing telecom market of India, which already has about 500m subscribers and adds about 10m new users a month, is considered one of the key drivers of its economic growth in recent years. Analysts believe the industry may have too many operators chasing a market in which subscriber numbers are high but average monthly spending by users on phone calls is very low. After the first shot in the current price war was fired earlier this year by Tata DoCoMo, other telecom operators joining the game and the continuously plunging call rates have made telecoms the worst performing sector in India's stock market, going down by 27 per cent this year. The government's plan to introduce number portability at the end of this month, in which users can retain their existing mobile number while swapping between vendors is, expected to promote another round of price competition. Whatever concerns the industry analysts may have, the festival of low rate has just begun for the consumers

Conclusion
The ongoing tariff war in the highly competitive Indian telecom market has been taking new shape with every passing day. Operators have been announcing new promotional schemes including reduction in tariffs for voice call, slashing roaming charges and many more such lucrative offers. Recently floated idea of per second call rates has further aggravated competition among telecom players with every operator seemingly imitating others for retaining their market share. Bharti Airtel and Tata Docomo have reduced roaming charges, by almost 60% while Tata Docomo implemented per second billing mechanism to roaming. Roaming charges accounts for around 10-12% of operators' earnings and the recent developments may significantly erode roaming revenue of operators. Experts believe that mobile number portability is further going to intensify the competition as operators would be forced to come up with customer friendly schemes for retaining their customer base. Moreover, the ongoing tariff war is beneficial for customers. Every industry has seen price wars and it is a global phenomenon. But the tariffs have now fallen to level which is not sustainable any more. The 3G launch and Mobile number portability are the two major events which are expected during Q3 2010-11. These two events are the next two important mile stones in the history of Indian Telecom and likely to trigger another unhealthy price war. It is time for TRAI to regulate the telecom tariff in the interest of the industry. In 2004 TRAI moved to a forbearance regime wherein the operators did not require prior approval for tariff changes. Currently the tariff is left to the market forces and the telecom operators are mandated to file with TRAI the tariff change details within a week of implementation. With the objective of long term health of the industry, the TRAI should ask the telecom operators to present their business cases every time when they change the tariff. To achieve the next target of 100% tele-density, the industry needs support from the investors which will be possible only if the industry runs a profitable operation. The industry has created huge economic and social benefits to the nation during the last 15 years. The industry's growth is directly linked to the GDP growth. The policy makers and regulatory body should ensure that this industry continues to grow and reach further heights

Referance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication
http://www.bizdewz.com/telecom-india-tariff-war-that-never-ends/
http://www.livemint.com/2009/11/15234244/Tariff-war-cuts-short-telecom.html
http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/telecom-shares-falltariff-war/13/17/372420/
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/intense-tariff-war-bleeds-telecom-companies/535392/1

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Bin Laden - Details on Mission that Killed Bin Laden, Bin Laden Mission, Bin Laden Death

Bin Laden - Details on Bin Laden Mission that Killed Bin Laden, Bin Laden Mission, Bin Laden Death Mission Deatils

Image Of Bin Laden

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Osama bin Laden: Mission to kill al-Qaeda leader was so secret I didn't even tell Michelle, reveals Barack Obama

President Barack Obama watches the raid on Osama bin Laden's hideout

President Obama, left, with his staff watching the raid on Osama bin

President Obama, left, with his staff watching the raid on Osama bin Laden's compound live at the White House
PRESIDENT Barack Obama was so keen to ensure the mission to nab Osama bin Laden was successful he even kept it secret from his wife.
The al-Qaeda chief was shot dead in his bedroom at a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, last week.
Obama, 49, said: "I didn't tell most people here in the White House. I didn't tell my own family.
"It was that important for us to maintain operational security."
The president kept the plan secret from wife Michelle, 47, and spent the weekend before the raid visiting tornado victims, speaking at a space shuttle launch and attending the White House correspondents' dinner.
Obama added: "I made the decision Thursday night and then we flew off to look at the tornado damage, to go to Cape Canaveral to make a speech. And then we had the White House correspondents' dinner on Saturday night.
"This was in the back of my mind all weekend."
Obama spoke for the first time about how he watched the "tense" 40-minute raid live from the White House situation room, after earlier easing the tension with a game of golf.
He said: "It was the longest 40 minutes of my life."
Yesterday, a Washington Post poll found Obama's approval rating had jumped eight per cent to 57 per cent since the killing of Bin Laden.
CIA data experts are probing information found in Bin Laden's bolthole for leads on tracking down other al-Qaeda members. The data has already revealed details about a planned attack on the 10th anniversary of 9/11.
Last night, a US intelligence source said the data suggested that al-Qaeda were interested in hitting Washington, New York, Los Angeles and Chicago.
Pakistan have launched a probe into how Bin Laden was able to live in the country undetected for at least six years.
Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani branded allegations of Pakistani complicity and incompetence as "absurd".
Gilani said: "We are determined to get to the bottom of the how, when and why regarding his presence in Abbottabad. We did not invite al-Qaeda to Pakistan.

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Refrence Website: http://video.foxnews.com/v/4671825/new-details-on-mission-that-killed-bin-laden/
Video on Bin laden Mission, Bin laden death new, Bin Laden mission images, Bin Laden death

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